In uncertain times, there is rarely a perfect answer.

The best leaders rely not only on knowledge, but on practical wisdom.

Every science has its elements. Internal auditing has its principles.

The Global Internal Audit Standards are built on 15 principles. They are the building blocks of effective internal auditing—and, ultimately, of better judgement.

That is the idea behind Phronesium.

Inspired by Aristotle's phronesis and imagined as a new element in the periodic table, Phronesium represents something every organisation depends on but cannot manufacture:

Good judgement.

An element is a building block.

So is good judgement.

Everything else is built on it.

George Orwell's six writing rules were not written for auditors.

They should have been.

Clear writing reflects clear thinking.

Most audit reports explain what happened.

The best audit reports explain why it matters.